服務管理

服務，即service，其本質上也是進程，但是運行在后臺，通常都會監(jiān)聽某個端口，等待其他程序的請求，比如(mysqld, sshd, 防火墻等)，因此又將其稱為守護進程。

service管理指令

service指令所管理的服務可以直接在/etc/init.d/目錄下查看。

service 服務名 [start | stop | restart | reload | status]

systemctl管理指令

systemctl 指令管理的服務可在/usr/lib/systemd/system/目錄下查看。

systemctl [start | stop | restart | status] 服務名

=================================================
# 設置服務的自啟動狀態(tài)
systemctl enable 服務名  # 設置服務開機自啟
systemctl disable 服務名  # 關閉服務開機自啟
systemctl is-enabled 服務名  # 檢查某服務是否自啟動
=================================================

firewall指令

每次操作完防火墻后都需要重新載入防火墻配置，命令firewall-cmd --reload

# 打開端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=端口號/協(xié)議

# 關閉端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=端口號/協(xié)議

# 重新載入，讓配置生效
firewall-cmd --reload

# 查詢端口是否開放
firewall-cmd --query-port=端口/協(xié)議

測試某個端口是否開放，使用telnet命令即可。

telnet 192.168.1.100 111  # 測試111端口是否開放

Ubuntu系統(tǒng)鏡像設置

修改鏡像源文件前記得備份一份原來文件，修改完成后執(zhí)行sudo apt update命令刷新本地apt緩存。

/etc/apt/sources.list

阿里云鏡像源配置教程

配置方法

域名說明

對于阿里云ECS用戶，需要將配置文件中 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ 替換成 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ 進行使用

sed -i 's/https:\\/\\/mirrors.aliyun.com/http:\\/\\/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

圖形界面配置

新手推薦使用圖形界面配置： 系統(tǒng)設置 -> 軟件和更新 選擇下載服務器 -> "mirrors.aliyun.com"

手動更改

用你熟悉的編輯器打開：

/etc/apt/sources.list

替換默認的

http://archive.ubuntu.com/

為

mirrors.aliyun.com

以Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS為例，最后的效果如下：

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 16.04 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 20.04(focal) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse