Linux環(huán)境下，需要對(duì)軟件包進(jìn)行安裝、卸載、升級(jí)和查詢等操作，包含這些操作的工具，稱為包管理工具。

Pip（Pip Install Packages）是Python官方認(rèn)證的包管理工具。需要注意的是pip只能管理python包。

### 安裝 
pip install package              # 默認(rèn)安裝最新版本
pip install package==1.0.0       # 安裝指定版本1.0.0


### 卸載
pip uninstall package


### 查詢
pip search package


### 升級(jí)
pip install --upgrade package


### 查看已安裝的包
pip list


### 顯示安裝包的信息
pip show

Conda也是一個(gè)包管理工具。相較于pip，conda是一個(gè)通用的包管理器，不限于Python包。

### 創(chuàng)建python3.9的虛擬環(huán)境python39 
conda create -n python39 python=3.9


### 開(kāi)啟python39環(huán)境
conda activate python39


### 關(guān)閉環(huán)境
conda deactivate


### 查詢所有的虛擬環(huán)境
conda env list


### 刪除python39虛擬環(huán)境
conda remove -n python39 --all

Anaconda預(yù)置了packages集合，并作為軟件的發(fā)行版本，可被安裝在操作系統(tǒng)上。常見(jiàn)的package有：conda、numpy、scipy、ipython。

[root@farmer ~]# bash Anaconda3-5.0.1-Linux-x86_64.sh 


Welcome to Anaconda3 5.0.1


In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue
> >?> ###-- > 這里輸入回車
===================================
Anaconda End User License Agreement
===================================


Copyright 2015, Anaconda, Inc.


......此處省略......
Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
[no] > >?> 
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':'
> >?> yes  ###-- > 這里輸入yes


Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/root/anaconda3


  - Press ENTER to confirm the location
  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
  - Or specify a different location below


[/root/anaconda3] > >?>  ###-- > 這里輸入yes
PREFIX=/root/anaconda3
installing: python-3.6.3-hc9025b9_1 ... ###-- > python版本
Python 3.6.3 :: Anaconda, Inc.
installing: conda-env-2.6.0-h36134e3_1 ...
installing: ipython-6.1.0-py36hc72a948_1 ...
installing: anaconda-client-1.6.5-py36h19c0dcd_0 ...
installing: jupyter_console-5.2.0-py36he59e554_1 ...
installing: notebook-5.0.0-py36h0b20546_2 ...
......
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to prepend the Anaconda3 install location
to PATH in your /root/.bashrc ? [yes|no]
[no] > >?> yes  ###-- > 這里輸入yes


Appending source /root/anaconda3/bin/activate to /root/.bashrc
A backup will be made to: /root/.bashrc-anaconda3.bak




For this change to become active, you have to open a new terminal.


Thank you for installing Anaconda3!

安裝Anaconda3之后，會(huì)自動(dòng)在/root/.bashrc增加PATH信息。

查看Conda版本

創(chuàng)建虛擬環(huán)境，并指定python的版本。